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@tmurray3
background ajax call to endpoint run every 60 seconds
Gemini 2.5 Pro

Okay, I can set up a basic example for that using JavaScript's setInterval and the fetch API.

This setup includes:

  1. index.html: A basic HTML page to load the script and display status.
  2. script.js:
    • Defines the API_ENDPOINT (you'll need to change this to your actual URL).
    • Defines the INTERVAL_MS (60000 milliseconds).
    • Includes an async function fetchData to perform the AJAX request using fetch.
    • Uses setInterval to call fetchData repeatedly.
    • Calls fetchData once initially when the script loads.
    • Includes basic logging and error handling.
    • Note: Since there's no actual /api/data endpoint in this environment, I've added a simulation block. You should replace this with the actual fetch call when using your own endpoint.

Check your browser's developer console to see the logs each time the fetchData function runs.*

Updated files
v1
@tmurray3
check for error for 401
Gemini 2.5 Pro

Okay, I'll update the fetchData function in script.js to specifically check for a 401 status code.

I've added a specific check for response.status === 401 within the commented-out real fetch logic. If a 401 error occurs, it logs a specific message and updates the output div. You can add further actions like redirecting the user or stopping the interval timer within that if block. The general !response.ok check remains to catch other HTTP errors.

Updated files
v2
@tmurray3
springboot 3.x aws cognito how to test for expired
Gemini 2.5 Pro

Okay, testing how your Spring Boot 3.x application handles expired AWS Cognito JWT tokens is crucial. You typically don't want to wait for real tokens to expire in your automated tests. Instead, you simulate the condition.

Here are the common and effective strategies:

1. Mocking the JwtDecoder (Recommended for Component/Integration Tests)

This is often the cleanest approach within Spring Boot tests (@WebMvcTest or @SpringBootTest). You replace the real JwtDecoder bean (which Spring Security uses to validate the token) with a mock.

  • Concept: Configure the mock JwtDecoder to throw a JwtException (specifically, often a JwtValidationException indicating an expired token) when it tries to decode a specific "expired" token string you provide in your test request header.
  • How:
    • Use @MockBean to inject a mock JwtDecoder.
    • Use a mocking framework (like Mockito, which comes with spring-boot-starter-test) to define the behavior.
    • Send a request using MockMvc with an Authorization: Bearer <your_test_expired_token_string> header.
    • Assert that the response status is 401 Unauthorized.

Example (@WebMvcTest):

java import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest; import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import; import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.Jwt; import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtDecoder; import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtException; import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtValidationException; // Or a more specific one if needed import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;

import java.time.Instant; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Map;

import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString; import static org.mockito.Mockito.when; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

// Assuming you have a controller mapped to /api/protected @WebMvcTest(controllers = YourProtectedController.class) // Import your Security Configuration @Import(SecurityConfig.class) // Replace with your actual security config class class SecurityExpirationTest {

@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;

@MockBean
private JwtDecoder jwtDecoder; // Mock the decoder used by Spring Security

@Test
void whenTokenIsExpired_thenUnauthorized() throws Exception {
    String expiredTokenString = "fake-expired-token";
    String errorMessage = "Simulated token expiration";

    // Configure the mock decoder to throw JwtException for ANY token string
    // You could also match on the specific expiredTokenString if needed
    when(jwtDecoder.decode(anyString()))
        .thenThrow(new JwtValidationException(errorMessage, Collections.emptyList()));
        // Or more generally: .thenThrow(new JwtException(errorMessage));

    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/protected") // Your secured endpoint
            .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + expiredTokenString))
        .andExpect(status().isUnauthorized()); // Expect 401
}

@Test
void whenTokenIsValid_thenOk() throws Exception {
    String validTokenString = "fake-valid-token";

    // Configure the mock decoder to return a valid Jwt object
    Jwt mockJwt = Jwt.withTokenValue(validTokenString)
        .header("alg", "RS256")
        .claim("sub", "user123")
        .claim("scope", "read write")
        .issuedAt(Instant.now().minusSeconds(60))
        .expiresAt(Instant.now().plusSeconds(3600)) // Expires in the future
        .build();

    when(jwtDecoder.decode(validTokenString)).thenReturn(mockJwt);

    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/protected")
            .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + validTokenString))
        .andExpect(status().isOk()); // Expect 200 OK (or whatever your endpoint returns)
}

}

2. Generating Test JWTs with Past Expiration (More Involved)

This approach involves creating actual JWTs within your test code, one of which has an exp (expiration) claim set to a time in the past.

  • Concept: Use a JWT library (like nimbus-jose-jwt or jjwt) to build and sign JWTs. Configure your test environment's JwtDecoder to trust tokens signed with your test key (you'll need a test private/public key pair).
  • How:
    • Generate a test RSA or EC key pair.
    • Configure Spring Security in your test profile (application-test.properties or @TestPropertySource) to use the public key (or a JWKS URI pointing to your test public key) for validation, overriding the production Cognito JWKS URI.
    • In your test:
      • Create a JWT payload with claims, including an exp claim set to Instant.now().minusSeconds(1).
      • Sign it with your test private key.
      • Send this token string in the Authorization header using MockMvc.
      • Assert a 401 response.

Example (Conceptual Snippet using nimbus-jose-jwt):

import com.nimbusds.jose.*;
import com.nimbusds.jose.crypto.RSASSASigner;
import com.nimbusds.jwt.*;

import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.UUID;

// --- Helper method to generate expired token (place in a test utility class) ---
public String generateTestToken(Instant expirationTime, RSAPrivateKey privateKey) throws JOSEException {
    JWSSigner signer = new RSASSASigner(privateKey);

    JWTClaimsSet claimsSet = new JWTClaimsSet.Builder()
        .subject("test-user")
        .issuer("http://localhost:9090/realms/test") // Example issuer
        .jwtID(UUID.randomUUID().toString())
        .issueTime(Date.from(Instant.now().minusSeconds(60)))
        .expirationTime(Date.from(expirationTime)) // Key part!
        .claim("scope", "read")
        .build();

    SignedJWT signedJWT = new SignedJWT(
        new JWSHeader.Builder(JWSAlgorithm.RS256).keyID("test-key-id").build(),
        claimsSet);

    signedJWT.sign(signer);
    return signedJWT.serialize();
}

// --- In your @SpringBootTest or @WebMvcTest ---
@Test
void whenTokenIsExpiredUsingGeneratedJwt_thenUnauthorized() throws Exception {
    // Assume testKeyPair is generated and privateKey is available
    // Assume Spring Security is configured to validate using testKeyPair.getPublic()

    RSAPrivateKey privateKey = /* get your test private key */;
    Instant pastExpiration = Instant.now().minusSeconds(10); // Expired 10 seconds ago
    String expiredToken = generateTestToken(pastExpiration, privateKey);

    mockMvc.perform(get("/api/protected")
            .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + expiredToken))
        .andExpect(status().isUnauthorized());
}

@Test
void whenTokenIsValidUsingGeneratedJwt_thenOk() throws Exception {
    RSAPrivateKey privateKey = /* get your test private key */;
    Instant futureExpiration = Instant.now().plusSeconds(3600); // Valid for an hour
    String validToken = generateTestToken(futureExpiration, privateKey);

     mockMvc.perform(get("/api/protected")
            .header("Authorization", "Bearer " + validToken))
        .andExpect(status().isOk()); // Or expected success status
}

// --- Test Configuration (e.g., application-test.properties) ---
// spring.security.oauth2.resourceserver.jwt.jwk-set-uri=http://localhost:8081/test-jwks <OR>
// spring.security.oauth2.resourceserver.jwt.public-key-location=classpath:test-public-key.pem

Choosing the Right Approach:

  • Mocking JwtDecoder: Simpler setup, faster execution, focuses purely on how your code reacts to the decoder signaling an expired token. Usually sufficient.
  • Generating Test JWTs: More realistic as it tests the actual token parsing and validation logic (including signature and expiration checks) configured in your application. Requires more setup (key management, test configuration).

For most use cases, mocking the JwtDecoder (Approach 1) provides the best balance of simplicity and effectiveness for testing the expired token scenario.*

@tmurray3
You can also customize the claims (information) within the access and ID tokens using a Pre token generation Lambda trigger, allowing for dynamic changes at runtime for aws cognito. how to do
Gemini 2.5 Pro

You are absolutely correct. The Pre token generation Lambda trigger in AWS Cognito is a powerful mechanism to dynamically customize the claims within both the ID token and the access token before they are issued to the user upon successful authentication.

This allows you to inject custom attributes, modify existing ones, control group membership claims, or suppress claims based on your application's logic at runtime.

Here's how you do it:

1. Create the Lambda Function

  • Go to the AWS Lambda console.
  • Click "Create function".
  • Choose "Author from scratch".
  • Give your function a name (e.g., cognito-pre-token-generation-hook).
  • Select a runtime (e.g., Node.js 18.x, Python 3.11). Node.js is very common for this.
  • Permissions: Create a new basic Lambda execution role or choose an existing one. This role needs:
    • Basic Lambda execution permissions (logs:CreateLogGroup, logs:CreateLogStream, logs:PutLogEvents).
    • If your Lambda needs to call other AWS services (like DynamoDB to fetch extra user data), add those permissions to the role.
    • The role's Trust Relationship must allow cognito-idp.amazonaws.com to invoke the function (this is usually added automatically when you link the trigger in Cognito, but good to verify).
  • Click "Create function".

2. Write the Lambda Function Code

The Lambda function receives an event object containing details about the user, the authentication context, and the claims Cognito intends to issue. Your function needs to modify the response part of this event object.

Key parts of the event object:

  • event.triggerSource: Identifies why the trigger was invoked (e.g., TokenGeneration_Authentication).
  • event.userPoolId: The ID of the user pool.
  • event.userName: The username of the user.
  • event.request.userAttributes: An object containing the user's attributes from the Cognito user pool (e.g., email, phone_number, custom:department).
  • event.request.groupConfiguration: Contains information about the user's groups.
  • event.response: This is the object you modify.
    • event.response.claimsOverrideDetails:
      • claimsToAddOrOverride: An object where you specify claims to add or overwrite (e.g., { "custom:role": "admin", "department": "Sales" }).
      • claimsToSuppress: An array of claim names (strings) you want to remove from the token (e.g., ["email"]).
      • groupOverrideDetails: Allows you to override the groups included in the cognito:groups claim.
        • groupsToOverride: Array of group names to include.
        • iamRolesToOverride: Array of IAM role ARNs to include.
        • preferredRole: The preferred IAM role ARN.

Example (Node.js): Adding a custom role based on a user attribute

javascript // lambda_function.js

exports.handler = async (event, context) => { console.log("Received event:", JSON.stringify(event, null, 2));

// Example: Add a 'custom:clearance_level' claim based on a 'custom:department' attribute
try {
    const department = event.request.userAttributes['custom:department'];
    let clearanceLevel = 'level_1'; // Default level

    if (department === 'security') {
        clearanceLevel = 'level_5';
    } else if (department === 'engineering') {
        clearanceLevel = 'level_3';
    }

    // Add or override claims in the response
    event.response = {
        claimsOverrideDetails: {
            claimsToAddOrOverride: {
                'custom:clearance_level': clearanceLevel,
                // You can override standard claims too, but be careful
                // 'email_verified': 'true' // Example override
            },
            // Example: Suppress the phone_number claim if it exists
            // claimsToSuppress: ['phone_number'],

            // Example: Override group membership shown in the token
            // groupOverrideDetails: {
            //     groupsToOverride: ['admins', 'special-users'], // Only show these groups
            //     // iamRolesToOverride: ['arn:aws:iam::ACCOUNT_ID:role/SpecialRole'],
            //     // preferredRole: 'arn:aws:iam::ACCOUNT_ID:role/SpecialRole'
            // }
        }
    };

    console.log("Modified response:", JSON.stringify(event.response, null, 2));

} catch (error) {
    console.error("Error processing event:", error);
    // Handle errors appropriately, maybe return the event unmodified
    // or throw an error to prevent token issuance if critical
}

// Return the modified event object to Cognito
return event;

};

3. Configure the Cognito User Pool Trigger

  • Go to your Cognito User Pool in the AWS console.
  • Navigate to the "User pool properties" tab (in the new console UI) or "Triggers" (in the older UI).
  • Find the "Lambda triggers" section.
  • In the "Pre token generation Lambda trigger" dropdown (it might be under "Custom authentication challenges" or a similar section depending on the console version), select the Lambda function you created (e.g., cognito-pre-token-generation-hook).
  • Save the changes. Cognito might ask for permission to invoke your Lambda function; grant it.

4. Test

  • Authenticate a user in your application (e.g., log in via the Hosted UI or using the AWS SDK/CLI).
  • Obtain the ID token and/or access token returned after successful authentication.
  • Decode the JWT (you can use online tools like jwt.io or libraries in your backend).
  • Verify that the claims you added/modified/suppressed in your Lambda function are reflected correctly in the token(s).
  • Check the CloudWatch Logs for your Lambda function to see the input event and any console.log statements for debugging.

Important Considerations:

  • Performance: This Lambda function is invoked synchronously during the authentication flow. Keep its execution time minimal to avoid impacting login latency. Avoid long-running operations or complex external API calls if possible.
  • Cost: You pay for Lambda execution time. While typically inexpensive, high traffic can add up.
  • Idempotency: Design your logic to be safe if the trigger is somehow invoked multiple times for the same event (though this is unlikely for pre-token generation).
  • Error Handling: Decide how to handle errors within the Lambda. Returning the unmodified event is often safest, but you might want to throw an error to block token generation if a critical piece of data is missing.
  • Security: Ensure the Lambda's execution role has the least privilege necessary. Be cautious about the data you embed in tokens.
  • Access vs. ID Token: While you modify claims in one place, Cognito determines which claims end up in the access token versus the ID token based on standard OIDC/OAuth2 rules and the scopes requested during authentication. Custom claims (custom:xyz) usually appear in both if not suppressed. Standard claims might only appear in the ID token unless specific scopes (email, profile, etc.) are requested to include them in the access token.*_