Okay, here's a basic Java example using standard libraries to read a CSV file and convert it into a generic XML structure. This assumes the first line of the CSV is the header row, which will be used for the XML element names. ID,Name,Department,Salary 1,John Doe,Engineering,75000 2,Jane Smith,Marketing,68000 3,Peter Jones,Sales,72000 4,Alice Brown,Engineering,82000 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys; import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException; import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; import org.w3c.dom.Document; import org.w3c.dom.Element; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.StringWriter; import java.nio.file.Files; import java.nio.file.Paths; import java.util.List; public class CsvToXmlConverter { private static final String DEFAULT_DELIMITER = ","; private static final String DEFAULT_ROOT_ELEMENT = "Records"; private static final String DEFAULT_ROW_ELEMENT = "Record"; /** * Converts a CSV file to an XML file. * * @param csvFilePath Path to the input CSV file. * @param xmlFilePath Path to the output XML file. * @param delimiter The delimiter used in the CSV file. * @param rootElement Name for the root XML element. * @param rowElement Name for the XML element representing each row. * @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs reading the CSV or writing the XML. * @throws ParserConfigurationException If a DocumentBuilder cannot be created. * @throws TransformerException If an error occurs during the XML transformation process. */ public void convert(String csvFilePath, String xmlFilePath, String delimiter, String rootElement, String rowElement) throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, TransformerException { List lines = Files.readAllLines(Paths.get(csvFilePath)); if (lines.isEmpty()) { throw new IOException("CSV file is empty or could not be read."); } String[] headers = lines.get(0).split(delimiter); DocumentBuilderFactory docFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder docBuilder = docFactory.newDocumentBuilder(); // Root element Document doc = docBuilder.newDocument(); Element root = doc.createElement(rootElement); doc.appendChild(root); // Process data rows (skip header) for (int i = 1; i < lines.size(); i++) { String[] data = lines.get(i).split(delimiter); Element record = doc.createElement(rowElement); root.appendChild(record); // Ensure we don't go out of bounds if data row has fewer columns than header int limit = Math.min(headers.length, data.length); for (int j = 0; j < limit; j++) { // Basic sanitization for XML element names (replace spaces, etc.) String tagName = headers[j].trim().replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9_]", "_"); // Ensure tag name starts with a letter or underscore if it doesn't already if (!tagName.isEmpty() && !Character.isLetter(tagName.charAt(0)) && tagName.charAt(0) != '_') { tagName = "_" + tagName; } // Handle empty header names if (tagName.isEmpty()) { tagName = "column_" + (j + 1); } Element field = doc.createElement(tagName); field.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(data[j].trim())); record.appendChild(field); } } // Write the content into XML file TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); // Prevent XXE attacks transformerFactory.setFeature(javax.xml.XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING, true); transformerFactory.setAttribute(javax.xml.XMLConstants.ACCESS_EXTERNAL_DTD, ""); transformerFactory.setAttribute(javax.xml.XMLConstants.ACCESS_EXTERNAL_STYLESHEET, ""); Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer(); transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes"); // Pretty print transformer.setOutputProperty("{http://xml.apache.org/xslt}indent-amount", "4"); DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc); try (FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(xmlFilePath)) { StreamResult result = new StreamResult(writer); transformer.transform(source, result); } } // Overloaded method with default delimiter and element names public void convert(String csvFilePath, String xmlFilePath) throws IOException, ParserConfigurationException, TransformerException { convert(csvFilePath, xmlFilePath, DEFAULT_DELIMITER, DEFAULT_ROOT_ELEMENT, DEFAULT_ROW_ELEMENT); } public static void main(String[] args) { String csvFile = "sample_data.csv"; String xmlFile = "output.xml"; // Create a dummy CSV file for the example try { List content = List.of( "ID,Name,Department,Salary", "1,John Doe,Engineering,75000", "2,Jane Smith,Marketing,68000", "3,Peter Jones,Sales,72000", "4,Alice Brown,Engineering,82000" ); Files.write(Paths.get(csvFile), content); System.out.println("Created sample CSV file: " + csvFile); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Error creating sample CSV file: " + e.getMessage()); return; } CsvToXmlConverter converter = new CsvToXmlConverter(); try { System.out.println("Starting conversion from " + csvFile + " to " + xmlFile + "..."); converter.convert(csvFile, xmlFile); // Using defaults // Example with custom names: // converter.convert(csvFile, xmlFile, ",", "Employees", "Employee"); System.out.println("Conversion successful. Output written to " + xmlFile); // Optional: Print XML content to console // String xmlContent = Files.readString(Paths.get(xmlFile)); // System.out.println("\n--- XML Content ---"); // System.out.println(xmlContent); // System.out.println("-------------------"); } catch (IOException | ParserConfigurationException | TransformerException e) { System.err.println("Error during conversion: " + e.getMessage()); e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // Clean up the dummy CSV file try { Files.deleteIfExists(Paths.get(csvFile)); System.out.println("Cleaned up sample CSV file: " + csvFile); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Error deleting sample CSV file: " + e.getMessage()); } } } } This code does the following: 1. **`sample_data.csv`**: A sample CSV file is defined for demonstration. 2. **`CsvToXmlConverter.java`**: * Reads the specified CSV file (`sample_data.csv` in `main`). * Uses the first line as headers (`ID`, `Name`, `Department`, `Salary`). * Creates an XML document in memory using Java's DOM API (`org.w3c.dom`). * Creates a root element (``). * For each subsequent line in the CSV: * Creates a row element (``). * Splits the line by the comma delimiter. * Creates child elements using the header names (e.g., ``, ``, etc.) and populates them with the corresponding data from the row. It includes basic sanitization for element names derived from headers. * Writes the constructed XML document to the specified output file (`output.xml`), nicely formatted. * The `main` method demonstrates how to use the converter, creates the sample CSV, runs the conversion, prints status messages, and cleans up the sample file. You can run this code. It will create `sample_data.csv`, then read it and produce `output.xml` in the same directory with the following structure: ```xml 1 John Doe Engineering 75000 2 Jane Smith Marketing 68000 3 Peter Jones Sales 72000 4 Alice Brown Engineering 82000 ``` Once you have your specific XML schema or desired output structure, you can modify the XML creation part (within the loops) in the `convert` method accordingly.